Welcome to Sindh Biotechnologist Association

INTRODUCTION Ultra-processed food is a high calorie or calorie-rich food which lack in micronutrient such as vitamins, amino acids, minerals and fibre but has high energy (calories) (Gibney, 2018) These foods don’t contain the nutrient that your body needs to stay healthy. Hence called junk food ( Kiran & Deepthi, 2012). Epidemiological studies propose that these foods have harmful effects on the human body or diseases associated with aging. These studies also suggest that antiaging. These studies also suggest that antiaging or protection from age-associated disease can be achieved by moving fasting meals that contain: selenium, zinc. Flavonoids, omega 3 unsaturated fatty acids, aspirin, caffeine, vitamin E or vitamin C. Other studies suggest that the consumption of vegetable matter and plant derived foods and beverages have a positive effect on the prevention of age associated disease like heart disease (Rockenfeller & Madeo, 2010). WHAT MAKES THESE FOODS TO BE CALLED AS JUNK

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 becomes a global challenge after it hits millions of deaths worldwide. Researchers from different parts of the world are doing vaccine trials against COVID-19. World Health Organization announced that the only way to reduce COVID-19 cases is by taking precautionary measures and maintaining social distances until an effective vaccine is produced. Many countries throughout the World also control the number of increasing cases by following these precautions. As scientists are trying to develop vaccines, they are also doing research on the structure, function and pathway of coronavirus when it attacks the host cells with the help of proteomics and multi-omics studies. Coronavirus and Proteomics In 2019, novel coronavirus was emerged as a pandemic flu from Wuhan city, China and spread throughout the world. The main source of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is contact with the infected patient via sneezing and coughing because of his/her respiratory droplets contains

INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 is the pathogen responsible for COVID-19. This disease got emerged from Wuhan city in China and has been declared as the global emergency situation by WHO (of the International, 2020) . This pandemic affected the economy of the world badly with about 2,101,164 confirmed cases. STRUCTURE OF VIRUS AND ITS ENTRY IN CELL It is a single-stranded RNA enveloped virus comprising of 4 proteins namely Spike, Envelope, Nucleo-capsid and Membrane proteins. Spike proteins cover its outer surface and are involved in attachment to the host cell receptor. SARS-CoV-2 gains entry into the cell through ACE-2 receptors (Walls et al., 2020) . When these spike proteins bind to the receptors, Transmembrane serine proteases get active and mediates viral entry into the host cell and after entrance viral RNA is released into the host cell (Wang et al., 2020) and then replication and transcription of the viral genome take place. The synthesis, assemblage and packaging of viral prot

Sindh Biotechnologist Association has taken initiative to build student's background about life science topics through E-Learning via Youtube Video Lectures, Seminar Series, and Articles published.  This presentation is given by Miss Khunsha Fatima. This presentation will cover mainly Recombinant DNA Technology, its Basic Principle, Application and related topics discussed in detail watch the video for more concepts about the topic. Video: Slides: Recombinant DNA Technology from SindhBiotech

INTRODUCTION It is defined as the technique used for the direct manipulation of an organism’s DNA to produce variations in characteristics (phenotypes) in a specific way to get the desired traits in the organisms. It has been extensively used for the manipulation of the genetic makeup of organisms. Sometimes it is also called as genetic modification and its purpose is to target the genome for alteration. In order to alter the genome, it might change the already present sequence of base pairs or it might add an extra-base or might completely delete an already existing base pair or even a complete part of DNA. It can also be used to form organisms that have DNA from another organism called transgenic organisms. This technique can be applied to a wide range of organisms ranging from a tiny virus to a fully developed sheep. GENERAL PROCEDURE For insulin production through genetic engineering following procedure is followed: First, we isolate a small extrachromosomal circular part called pl

Nowadays, complementary and alternative therapies use with conventional medicine has increase momentum. Aromatherapy is one of the best complementary therapies in which essential oil use as the major therapeutic agent. Aromatherapy is very helpful for the treatment of several diseases. The essential oils are derived from the barks, flowers, stem, roots, fruits, leaves, and other plants parts by several procedures. Baths, Inhalation, and, local application are the main procedures utilized in aromatherapy that use essential oil to penetrate the surface of human skin ( Ali, B. et al., 2015) . INTRODUCTION: The name of aromatherapy derived from the word aroma, which means smell or fragrance and therapy means treatment. Essential or volatile oils are used as a therapeutic agent in aromatherapy, which are very concentrated materials extracted from leaves, flowers, stalks, roots, and fruits, and moreover extracted from resins. Several ancient civilizations such as China, India, and Egypt

BRIEF HISTORY In  1864 ,   Antonin   Prandti   discovered   the   first   centrifuge-type   machine,   which   was   used   in the dairy industry to separate milk and cream. The next evolution in centrifuge was Ultra-Centrifuge, discovered in  1920s  by Swedish chemist Theodor Svedberg. This ultracentrifuge used for highly complex protein and viruses and determining of molecular weights of substances. In U.S,  1954  brought widely improvements to commercial centrifuge with new high speed motors and better rotors.   In   1962   the   German   company   Netheler   &   Hinz   (now   known   as   Eppendorf)   created   the   first microcentrifuge for lab use. Eppendorf discovered personal centrifuges in 2000 and centrifuge technology has continued to improve commercially ever since, now used for density separation (Cash, 2017). GENERAL PRINCIPLE Centrifugation is a process where the particles in a solution is separated on the basis of its size, shape and density. In a solution whos