Background Using a DNA template, at least one pair of unique primers, deoxyribonucleotides, an effective buffer solution and a thermostable DNA polymerase, the same technique is used to amplify small quantities of DNA as in traditional PCRs. In a thermal cycler containing sensors for measuring the fluorescence of the fluorophore after excitation at the appropriate wavelength, a material marked with a fluorophore is applied to this mixture, enabling the generation rate to be measured for one or more particular items. This makes it possible to calculate the generation rate of the amplified product during each PCR period. The data thus created can be analysed in several samples by computer software to measure relative gene expression (or copy number of the mRNA). In order to assess the occurrence and abundance of a given DNA sequence in these samples, quantitative PCR can also be extended to the identification and quantification of DNA in samples. This calculation is made after each am...