Welcome to Sindh Biotechnologist Association

1. INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is an emerging global threat to human health. It is significantly contributing to mortality and morbidity [1]. It is a chronic condition in which elevated blood pressure is observed in arteries [2]. It is also known as Essential hypertension (EH). Blood pressure is expressed in terms of systolic and diastolic pressure. Systolic blood pressure is defined as the pressure in blood vessels when heartbeats while diastolic blood pressure is defined as the pressure in blood vessels when the heart rests between the beats. In hypertensive condition, systolic blood pressure is ≥ 140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure are ≥ 90mmHg [3]. Blood pressure normally falls and rises throughout the day, but if it stays high for a long time it can damage the heart and cause serious health problems e.g. brain haemorrhage. There are four stages of hypertension named as Pre-hypertension, Mild hypertension, Moderate hypertension and Severe hypertension. It is a common disorder that ...

The neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder in which the growth of the cells of nerve tissues are affected. In the last few years, the increased knowledge of science on neurofibromatosis has not just permitted good clinical management also decrease complication morbidity, resulting in the quality of life of neurofibromatosis patients has improved. In most cases, oncology, neurology, clinical geneticists and dermatology specialists are capable to create the differential prognosis between neurofibromatosis and other diseases and to determine NF complications. However, neurofibromatosis specialists are required for proper NF treatment and genetic analysis because of its variability in the progressive course, phenotype expression, and the involvement of various organs ( Rodrigues, L. O. C. et al., 2014) . 1 .      INTRODUCTION: The neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic disorder of the nervous system. Neurofibromatosis is a cause of tumours formation on the neural tiss...

    1.     INTRODUCTION Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) was initially defined in 1978 followed up with the publication of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder, Third Edition (DSM-III) in 1980 and the International classification of disease (ICD-10) ten years later (Kulacaoglu & Kose, 2018). Borderline Personality Disorder is a severe mental disturbance suggested by a pattern of identity diffusion, chronic instability, interpersonal disturbances, with effective and spontaneous dyscontrol personality disorders (PD) do not suddenly develop in the adulthoods (Bozatello et al., 2019). Self-image disturbances marked suicide plans as the core dimension of psychopathology underlying the disorder. Across a wide range of conditions, BPD causes significant impairments. BPD is also more widely studied than any other personality disorder (Kulacaoglu & Kose, 2018). 2.   EPIDEMIOLOGY The lifetime prevalence of BPD is 5.9% and the point preval...

1. Introduction  Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia affecting memory, thoughts, and behavior of a person. Eventually, the symptoms become severe enough to interfere with everyday tasks. It is a progressive neurological disease that results in irreversible neuronal loss, especially in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. The clinical symptoms are progressive impairment of memory, judgment, decision making, change in physical environment language [1]. Over time, Alzheimer's disease deteriorates. In its early stages, memory loss is mild but individuals lose the ability to carry on a conversation and adapt to their environment with late-stage of Alzheimer's. It is the sixth leading cause of death in the World [2]. On average, a person can live four to eight years after the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, but some can live up to twenty years, depending on different factors.  2. Risk factors associated with Alzheimer’s Disease The following are the risk factors that ...

  1. INTRODUCTION           According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is still a cause of death in western countries. Obesity, Hypertension, Type-II Diabetes are the common risk factors for cardiovascular disease (Zamparelli, et al., 2016). While heart failure is a cause of high morbidity and mortality. Other risk factors include Lifestyle choices like Smoking, Lack of exercise, and poor dietary health. Recently there has been developing interest in studies primarily focused on the linkage between gut Microbiota and CVD. Metagenomic and Genomic Sequencing analyses show that the presence of gut Microbiota has beneficial effects on CVD. 2. COMPONENTS   AND   PHYSIOLOGICAL   ACTIVITIES   OF   THE   GUT MICROBES           When your body continuously exposed to the environment after birth, the gut is rapidly colonized by trillions of non-pathogenic bacteria. In ...