Lecture on Biosensors in Environmental Monitoring
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Bushra Umer, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Biosensors in Environmental Monitoring" for video: for slides:
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Environmental biotechnology: A new era
Earth’s environment comprises of four major components i.e., Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The atmosphere implies the protective blanket of gases, surrounding the earth. It absorbs most of the cosmic rays from outer space and a major portion of the electromagnetic radiation from the sun. The Hydrosphere comprises all types of water resources oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, reservoir, polar icecaps, glaciers, and ground water. 97% of the earth’s water supply is in the oceans. About 2% of the water resources is locked in the polar icecaps and glaciers. Only about 1% is available as fresh surface water-rivers, lakes streams. Ground water also fit to be used for human consumption and other uses. Lithosphere is the outer mantle of the solid earth. It consists of minerals occurring in the earth’s crusts and the soil e.g., minerals, organic matter, air and water. Biosphere comprises the living organisms and their interactions with environment, viz atmosphere, hyd...