Frontiers in Stem cells and expected plausible solutions of unsolved biological questions
Undifferentiated/unspecialized cells with the capacity to regenerate and divide to become differentiated cells are known as stem cells. They exist in both adults and embryos and are distinct in that Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the capacity to give rise to a variety of cell types that are crucial for growth and development. Unipotent, multipotent, and pluripotent cells are the three types of these cells. Pluripotent stem cells have the capacity to give rise to every form of cell in an organism, but multipotent stem cells are restricted to just a few types and unipotent stem cells can only give rise to one type of cell. While adult stem cells are easier to acquire, obtaining ES cells possess ethical concerns. At this time, Nobel laureate Shinya Yamanaka discovered a method to reprogram the somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) utilizing the four Yamanaka factors (sox2, KLF4, Oct3/4, and c-Myc). These Yamanaka factors regu...