Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
INTRODUCTION It is also known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, is a clinically defined syndrome (Kurinczuk, White-Koning, & Badawi, 2010) . It is a condition in which neonates are unable to perform normal neurologic functions and are unable to maintain normal breathing, possible seizures and unconsciousness is common (Sarnat & Sarnat, 1976) . It occurs due to brain injury as a result of which oxygen supply to the brain is below normal known as asphyxia and if this condition persists brain tissues can get damaged. OCCURRENCE It occurs mostly in premature infants and if it occurs in about 35 th week of fetal development it is likely to cause periventricular leukomalacia. SYMPTOMS Babies with HIE might exhibit the following signs and symptoms: (Nelson & Leviton, 1991) Seizures Unconsciousness Difficulty in breathing Missing reflexes Low or high muscle tone Feeding problems RISK FACTORS The following are the risk factors associated with HIE: (Spai...