Welcome to Sindh Biotechnologist Association

Xeroderma Pigmentosum , or XP for short, is a hereditary disorder characterized by a high sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. This illness primarily affects the eyes and sun-exposed parts of the skin. Some people who are impacted also have problems with their nervous systems. Xeroderma pigmentosum symptoms typically occur in infancy or early childhood. After only a few minutes in the sun, many of the youngsters who are impacted suffer a severe sunburn. Redness and blistering from a sunburn can continue for weeks. Other affected children do not get sunburned even when exposed to the sun for short periods of time, but instead tan normally. Almost all children with Xeroderma Pigmentosum acquire freckling of the skin in sun-exposed areas (such as the face, arms, and lips) by the age of two; this form of freckling happens only rarely in young children who do not have the disorder. Sunlight exposure produces dry skin (Xeroderma) and skin color changes in those who are affect...

INTRODUCTION: Bioethics is a multidisciplinary branch of study that examines the ethical, legal, philosophical, and social implications of advances in life sciences and medicine. Its responsibility encompasses not only issues regarding possible courses of action in response to such developments, but also interpretations of concepts like "life," "death," and "person," as well as questions concerning the consequences for how we define human life in changing social situations. Many bioethical challenges, such as variations in life expectancy, access to resources, and the problems created by pandemics, have a worldwide aspect, raising concerns about the viability of a global bioethics.[1]   (EVANS.2001)   ETHICS is that the rational reflection on what's right, what's wrong, what's just, what's unjust, what's good and what's bad in term of human behavior. Some Ethical Principles are: ·          Truthfulness. ·    ...

  Our brain is a complex structure. Brain has four lobes. The name of first lobe is Frontal lobes and its subclass is Prefrontal Lobe that involves in planning and thinking. Second one is Temporal lobes which recognize sound, music, object, face. Following it is Occipital lobes where visual processing occurs. The last one is Parietal lobes which involve in spatial orientation, calculation.     Fig 1: Four lobes of brain   How our brains listen? Noise sends vibrations, or sound waves, through the air. The human eardrum is a stretched membrane, like the skin of a drum. When the sound waves hit your eardrum, it vibrates, and the brain interprets these vibrations as sound. Music is sounds that are carried to the ear by changes in air pressure. Different cells in the cochlea respond to pitch, melody, timbre, harmony.     Fig 2: Music creativity revealed in the brain structure When you hear a piece of music, the ear converts the sound waves into vib...