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From Bugs to Plastics: The journey of Bioplastic production and biodegradation of synthetic plastics via the help of bugs

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With the increase in processed, synthetic goods and the increased packaging of industrial items, there has been an immense increase in the use of plastics as well. According to pollution control, approximately 380 million tons of plastic is produced every year, and this leads to all kinds of environmental as well as health hazards (Plastic Pollution Facts ) .  What is synthetic plastic made up of and what makes them non-degradable? The main ingredient used for the production of plastics is petroleum-based products which include crude oil, natural gas, and coal. The monomers (ethane and propane) released from the heating of these fossil fuels once again form polymers (polyethylene and polypropylene) (Baheti) . These long chains are responsible for giving the stretch to the plastic material and making it durable for more than 100 years. Moreover, microbes as well as insects are not able to consume these complex polymers at a faster rate and require special conditions which will...

“UNLOCKING THE MYSTERY OF THE BOMBAY BLOOD GROUP: EMBRACE YOUR UNIQUE IDENTITY”

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  In 1952, Dr. YM Bhende described a new blood group that is now called the "Bombay Phenotype". Persons with the normal blood group carry the H antigen, which serves as a precursor for red blood cells ; on the other side, people with the Bombay phenotype lack the H antigen, and their serum contains anti-H bodies. According to Watson and Morgan's theory, the Bombay phenotype is a rare homozygous hh, and the H antigen may be the result of a gene independent of the A-B-O systems. Ceppellini hypothesized that this blood type is caused by a homozygous recessive gene that prevents the production of the A, B, and H antigens  [1, 2].   Inheritance And Genetics The ABO blood group system is directly related to the genetics and heredity of the Bombay phenotype. The presence or lack of particular antigens (carbohydrates) on the surface of red blood cells determines the ABO blood group [ 3]. Enzymes combine particular sugars with a precursor antigen called the H ...