Food Security in the face of feeding people

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Innovations in Vaccinology: The Rise of Recombinant Genetic Shields

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Immune protection against infectious diseases is a crucial objective in both human and animal health. Currently, the focus of the vaccine landscape is primarily on COVID-19, which has required an unprecedented global effort to develop and deploy vaccines rapidly. Consequently, vaccination has become a dominant subject in scientific literature, and detailed discussions on specific immunization strategies and vaccine-induced immune responses are widespread in the media. This situation has underscored the challenges posed by emerging viral pandemics and the need for a universal approach to vaccine development, regardless of the pathogen-host combination. Traditional vaccine formulations, such as inactivated or attenuated versions of the whole infectious agent, have faced limitations, such as potential safety risks associated with chemical inactivation or the risk of reverting to virulence with attenuated strains. As a result, there is a growing interest in recombinant subunit vaccines. ...
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By: Batool Murtaza Abstract Hydrogels have been around for almost half a century, and one of the oldest recordings of crosslinked hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels dates back to the 1950s. Hydrogels continue to intrigue material scientists and biological researchers today, and significant progress has been made in terms of formulations and applications. Hydrogels are a type of material that consists of a self-supporting, water-swollen three-dimensional (3D) viscoelastic network that allows molecules and cells to diffuse and adhere. Hydrogels, on the other hand, have recently received a lot of attention for their usage in a wide range of biological applications, including cell therapies, wound healing, cartilage/bone regeneration, and medication sustained release. This is due to their biocompatibility and physical qualities that are similar to those of natural tissue. Based on ancient and new papers in this subject, this study attempts to provide an overview ...
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