Immune protection against infectious diseases is a crucial objective in both human and animal health. Currently, the focus of the vaccine landscape is primarily on COVID-19, which has required an unprecedented global effort to develop and deploy vaccines rapidly. Consequently, vaccination has become a dominant subject in scientific literature, and detailed discussions on specific immunization strategies and vaccine-induced immune responses are widespread in the media. This situation has underscored the challenges posed by emerging viral pandemics and the need for a universal approach to vaccine development, regardless of the pathogen-host combination. Traditional vaccine formulations, such as inactivated or attenuated versions of the whole infectious agent, have faced limitations, such as potential safety risks associated with chemical inactivation or the risk of reverting to virulence with attenuated strains. As a result, there is a growing interest in recombinant subunit vaccines. ...
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that play a pivotal role in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. Since their discovery in 1993, miRNAs have been identified as key players in various cellular processes, including development, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress response [1] . In recent years, miRNAs have gained significant attention in the field of cancer research due to their involvement in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and treatment resistance. This article delves into the intricate relationship between miRNAs and cancer, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets and exploring the challenges and opportunities of utilizing miRNA-based therapies. miRNAs function by binding to complementary sequences within the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of target mRNAs, leading to mRNA degradation or translational repression. This intricate interaction allows miRNAs to fine-tune the expression of numerous genes, ultimately influe...
Abstract Lactoferrin, a multi-functional glycoprotein, is found in body fluids and exocrine glands. It serves as an essential iron-binding protein and has various beneficial properties. It plays a key role in iron regulation, immune modulation, lipid metabolism, gut health, and bone health. It shows potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Its therapeutic potential extends to various conditions, including aging-related and chronic diseases, gastrointestinal health, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. It also shows promise for treating anemia and promoting healthy aging. Understanding its complex interactions with pathogens highlights its role as a modulator of immune responses. This review article emphasizes its multifaceted functions and its potential as a valuable therapeutic agent for human health. Keywords: Lactoferrin, glycoprotein, health, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging. Introduction Lactoferrin, also known as lactotransferri...
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