Acne



Don't pop it, keep hydrating your body, stay away from oily food, and more. These things you might have heard about your acne and sometimes even you are saying to someone. Itching, irritation, inflammation, and the weird facial expressions leads to that point where one who gets acne becomes isolated. Teenage is the most affected one from acne and it is the fact that this age faces more hormonal changes because of the growth and developmental period of life. But the problem occurs when the feeling of getting rid of this acne aggravates and the one who suffering from it gets to indulge in using various anti-acne creams. This is the behavior of most of the teenagers who initially don't want to talk about it but also want this acne to vanish in a day. Unfortunately, this is the worst thing they do. Most importantly, this is the time when parents should come forward and ask them. If they found the type of acne is irritating or comes with the red pimples having pus in it, immediately look for the dermatologist.
Acne around the world
Acne is the 8th most prevalent infection and it has affected around 9.4% population of the world. Facial scarring affects about 20% of teen girls, but teen boys are on top to get affected by severe acne. Almost every age is affected by the acne but more in teens. As of 2016, the acne treatment market was valued at 4.92 billion U.S. dollars. However, until 2025 it is expected to increase to 7.35 billion U.S. dollars.
Normal flora of the skin
Normal flora or microbial flora are the microorganisms found on the skin and inner surfaces of the human body. These microbes are harmless, don't cause any infection, and even beneficial for us. Some are opportunistic bacteria which upon any tissue injury cause infection or when the body becomes less resistant against the infection.
Skin comprised of three layers; epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous connective tissue. All three layers contain normal flora in which Staphylococcus epidermidis species, diphtheroids, and corynebacteria are more common. The first two are on a superficial layer can wash out easily but the later one resides deep in the sebaceous glands and can't wash out easily. Skin secretion provides nourishment for their growth and these bacteria then, later on, causes the acne.
Acne vulgaris
Acne vulgaris is a disease of the sebaceous gland caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes). Acne starts with the formation of comedones (blackheads) i.e. the distension of the sebaceous gland caused by the accumulation of sebum, hair, and bacteria. Sometimes it doesn't progress but in case of acne, it becomes closed and developed into disfiguring pimples and pustules. Sebaceous glands are the main target of androgen hormones.
Androgens are the group of hormones involve in the reproductive growth in male and female, both. Main androgens are testosterone in males but also produced in women from Adrenal glands, Theca cells of ovaries, and from Placenta. Increased secretion of androgens and ovarian hormones enhances the production of sebum from sebaceous glands which in turn provide the main nutrient for P.acn
es. As the bacteria grow and proliferate, it starts releasing cytokine causes inflammation and damage keratinocytes. Research proved that in patients having acne there are high levels of Testosterone, Glucocorticoids, insulin, and insulin-like growth with low levels of Estrogen.
 Causes of acne other than bacteria
  • Stress is now the most common cause of all, because it disturbs the hormonal cycle.
  • Studies proved that Mobile phone radiation increases the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus which is present on the epidermis of the skin, upon long-term exposure and becomes the cause of acne.
  • Consumption of high sugar diet, oily foods, and less intake of water.
  • Poor hygiene 

By : Nimrah Maqsood



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