Plant Propagation

DIFFERENT WAYS OF PROPAGATION OF PLANTS
BEFORE TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUE:
Plants are as important as breath is to live before the advance techniques there were introduced certain ways of growing plants were in practice those ways were entirely natural and depended on season as well. Plant propagation is the process of producing a new plant from an existing one. It
is both art and science requiring knowledge, skill, manual dexterity, and experience for success.
To understand the science of why, when, and how to propagate requires basic knowledge of plant growth and development, plant anatomy and morphology, and plant physiology.
As the world was revolutionized new ways and techniques were introduced as namely TISSUE CULTURE.
Those ways were time consuming but thoroughly natural.

Following are the ways of propagation of plants:
• Cutting
• Layering
• Division
• Budding
• Grafting. (Umhaw, 2018)

Types of propagation:
There are mainly two types of propagation.
Sexual propagation
Asexual propagation.
Let’s define first

Sexual propagation:
It is a kind of propagation in which we grow or multiply plant by using seed.
Asexual propagation:
It is a kind of propagation in which vegetative part is used other than seed it is also known as vegetative propagation (Umhaw, 2018).

Sub types:
Cross pollination:
When one flower in pollinated with another flower having different ncharacteristics.
Self pollination:
It is when homo or same plant is used.
METHODS:
There are different environmental factors which should be considered while we are dealing with natural propagation methods.  

Soil, Water, Moisture, Temperature.
CUTTING
It is a simple method of propagating plant in this method we have to cut section of a plant like stem or branch and propagating it.
Example ..... Rose branch is directly cultivated in the soil.  

LAYERING:
Layering is one of the easiest method of propagating as compare to cutting layer shoots are grown despite being attach to their parent plant. 

DIVISION:
In which plants are divided into two parts after mitosis and seeds, bulbs are not involved.  

BUDDING:
It is a process of outgrowth of plant due to repeated cell division at one specific by regenerative cells. When the bud is entirely become mature it detaches from the plant and become independent. 

GRAFTING:
It is a method in which we combine tissues of plants whether they are similar or dissimilar. They need rootstock and a scion. 

Seeds can be collected from your plants and stored until the appropriate planting time. However, seeds that you collect may not have a high percentage of germination for various reasons. Most seed companies take great care in their seed collection, so you usually will get a higher rate of
growth for a minimal cost for a packet of seeds. Plants started from seeds may not be entirely like the parent plants. That is because the pollen from the male unites with the egg of the female to produce a seed. Just like in humans and animals, plants’ offspring get their traits from both the male and the female parents.

CONCLUSION:
Plant propagation simply refers to the reproduction of plants. The reproduction or propagation of plants occurs either from seeds or vegetative means such as cuttings (leaf, stem or root), division, layering, grafting, budding and tissue cultures. As a home gardener, you can use any of these methods to obtain additional plants from your existing plants, whether they are houseplants, vegetables or landscaping plants. There are two benefits of propagation for home gardeners. First, you can get plants cheaply and in large numbers, and secondly, you have the selfsatisfaction of starting and nurturing plants from their beginnings. (wetkins, 2017)

ARTICLE BY: INSHA KHALID

 

Bibliography Umhaw, R. (2018, March 26). slideshare. Retrieved from scribd company: http://www.slideshare.net

wetkins, d. (2017). plant propogation has benefits for home gardners. england: tylerpaper.co