Survey on Awareness, Symptoms and Precautions of Dengue Fever

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Introduction:

Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted virus and the leading cause of arthropod-borne viral disease in the world. And is primarily transmitted to humans by the female Aedes mosquito. It is also known as break bone fever due to the severity of muscle spasms and joint pain, dandy fever, or seven-day fever because of the usual duration of symptoms. Although most cases are asymptomatic, severe illness and death may occur.  The incidence of dengue has increased dramatically over the past few decades. The infection is now endemic in some parts of the world. A few people who were previously infected with one subspecies of the dengue virus develop severe capillary permeability and bleeding after being infected with another subspecies of the virus. This illness is known as dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Dengue fever virus (DENV) is an RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. Other members of the same genus include yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Kyasanur forest disease virus, and Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus.[  Most are transmitted by arthropods (mosquitos or ticks), and are therefore also referred to as arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses).

The dengue virus genome (genetic material) contains about 11,000 nucleotide bases, which code for the three different types of protein molecules (C, prM and E) that form the virus particle and seven other non-structural protein molecules (NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a, NS4b, NS5) that are found in infected host cells only and are required for replication of the virus. There are five strains of the virus, called serotypes, of which the first four are referred to as DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. 

When a mosquito carrying dengue virus bites a person, the virus enters the skin together with the mosquito's saliva. It binds to and enters white blood cells, and reproduces inside the cells while they move throughout the body. The white blood cells respond by producing several signaling proteins, such as cytokines and interferons, which are responsible for many of the symptoms, such as the fever, the flu-like symptoms, and the severe pains. In severe infection, the virus production inside the body is greatly increased, and many more organs (such as the liver and the bone marrow) can be affected. Fluid from the bloodstream leaks through the wall of small blood vessels into body cavities due to capillary permeability. As a result, less blood circulates in the blood vessels, and the blood pressure becomes so low that it cannot supply sufficient blood to vital organs. Furthermore, dysfunction of the bone marrow due to infection of the stromal cells leads to reduced numbers of platelets, which are necessary for effective blood clotting; this increases the risk of bleeding, the other major complication of dengue fever.

Aims and Objective:

·         Spread knowledge about “what is dengue fever”.

·         Clear the confusion between Malaria and Dengue virus.

·         To give Awareness about the precaution of dengue fever.

·         To give awareness about the symptoms of dengue fever.

·         Estimate the ratio of people those have correct information “what is dengue” and “How to cure dengue fever”. 

References:

ü  Chen, R., & Vasilakis, N. (2011). Dengue—quo tu et quo vadis?. Viruses, 3(9), 1562-1608.

ü  Murphy, B. R., & Whitehead, S. S. (2011). Immune response to dengue virus and prospects for a vaccine. Annual review of immunology, 29, 587-619.

ü  Khetarpal, N., & Khanna, I. (2016). Dengue fever: causes, complications, and vaccine strategies. Journal of immunology research, 2016.

ü  Kularatne, S. A. (2015). Dengue fever. Bmj, 351. Schaefer, T. J., Panda, P. K., & Wolford, R. W. (2017). Dengue fever.

ü  Ross, T. M. (2010). Dengue virus. Clinics in laboratory medicine, 30(1), 149-160.

ü  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Dengue. www.cdc.gov/dengue/index.html. Updated November 15, 2021. Accessed December 10, 2021.

 

 


 


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